November 28, 2003

Collective Memory Storage

Ah the delight of sinking into the prose of a delicious argument. Umberto Eco ruminates over the fate of books in a computer age, taking note of purpose — researching on the web is much less laborious than consulting several tomes (which have to be acquired and may be outdated), but a detective novel in one's pocket is easier than carting a computer.

A tidbit. from his talk in Alexandria, Vegetal and mineral memory: The future of books.

Up to now, books still represent the most economical, flexible, wash-and-wear way to transport information at a very low cost. Computer communication travels ahead of you; books travel with you and at your speed. If you are shipwrecked on a desert island, where you don't have the option of plugging in a computer, a book is still a valuable instrument. Even if your computer has solar batteries, you cannot easily read it while lying in a hammock. Books are still the best companions for a shipwreck, or for the day after the night before. Books belong to those kinds of instruments that, once invented, have not been further improved because they are already alright, such as the hammer, the knife, spoon or scissors.

Two new inventions, however, are on the verge of being industrially exploited. One is printing on demand: after scanning the catalogues of many libraries or publishing houses a reader can select the book he needs, and the operator will push a button, and the machine will print and bind a single copy using the font the reader likes. This will certainly change the whole publishing market. It will probably eliminate bookstores, but it will not eliminate books, and it will not eliminate libraries, the only places where books can be found in order to scan and reprint them. Simply put: every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer, as happened with old manuscripts.

The second invention is the e-book where by inserting a micro- cassette in the book's spine or by connecting it to the internet one can have a book printed out in front of us. Even in this case, however, we shall still have a book, though as different from our current ones as ours are different from old manuscripts on parchment, and as the first Shakespeare folio of 1623 is different from the last Penguin edition. Yet, up to now e-books have not proved to be commercially successful as their inventors hoped. I have been told that some hackers, grown up on computers and unused to browsing books, have finally read great literary masterpieces on e-books, but I think that the phenomenon remains very limited. In general, people seem to prefer the traditional way of reading a poem or a novel on printed paper. E-books will probably prove to be useful for consulting information, as happens with dictionaries or special documents. They will probably help students obliged to bring with them ten or more books when they go to school, but they will not substitute for other kinds of books that we love to read in bed before sleep, for example.

Aside from dismissing the notion that computers stamp out books as simplistic, he also tackles the more curious question: what does it mean to read a text in an age of hyperlinking? While this opens up a given text to other texts, all exist in a finite system. Indeed, Eco points out:

A BOOK OFFERS US A TEXT which, while being open to multiple interpretations, tells us something that cannot be modified. Suppose you are reading Tolstoy's War and Peace: you desperately wish that Natasha will not accept the courtship of that miserable scoundrel Anatolij; you desperately wish that the marvellous person who is Prince Andrej will not die, and that he and Natasha will live together forever. If you had War and Peace on a hypertextual and interactive CD-ROM, you could rewrite your own story according to your desires; you could invent innumerable "War and Peaces", where Pierre Besuchov succeeds in killing Napoleon, or, according to your penchants, Napoleon definitely defeats General Kutusov. What freedom, what excitement! Every Bouvard or Pécuchet could become a Flaubert!

Alas, with an already written book, whose fate is determined by repressive, authorial decision, we cannot do this. We are obliged to accept fate and to realise that we are unable to change destiny. A hypertextual and interactive novel allows us to practice freedom and creativity, and I hope that such inventive activity will be implemented in the schools of the future. But the already and definitely written novel War and Peace does not confront us with the unlimited possibilities of our imagination, but with the severe laws governing life and death.

Posted at November 28, 2003 02:23 PM | TrackBack
Comments

Books are so much more than the text inside. Books have a weight to them, which feel good in your hands or your lap. Computers can't duplicate that, especially with the coldness of plastic/metal compared to the warmth of binding and paper. Books have a great and wonderful variety of smells as well (computers only smell when they're on fire, something I can't recommend from experience). Books are easier to read, and the sound of turning pages is much more soothing than the god awful noises that computers make. As far as taste, well I must confess that I haven't tasted either, though I would assume that both are fairly fowl.

Update: now that I have just tasted both I can vouch that they are fowl.

As far as the textual differences between printed and digital (endlessly linked), if one wants to read about alternative versions of Tolstoy, I would think that writing another version oneself would in the end prove to be more rewarding. Stories are one of the handful of things that can outlast us, and therefore it would seem fit for them to have a permanence. I would hope that after reading War and Peace, someone would be so inspired as to allow their imagination to so wander to the different possiblities inherent in the book on their own and in their own mind, without having to read the different alternates themselves in some digitally linked format.

-Ian

Posted by: Ian Kinman on November 28, 2003 04:40 PM

Books are much quieter indeed and bear insult (water, food and the occasional tossing) much more lightly than computers. Still, certain types of research are simpler and less awful tasks when done by computer -- a concordance, dictionary and the like, as Eco points out.

You hit on perhaps the hubris of all ages: our way is the way, surpassing all previous ways, and is unique to boot. And yet the point of computers is the use to which they can be put. They collect stories well enough, although stories are just as wonderful stored in books, or scrolls or rolling off someone's tongue. Another view, expanding on yours is that someone, because computers store information well, will know of Tolstoy who might not have otherwise, read his books, and write their own story in answer to War and Peace. Certainly far more interesting in possibility than the limited set pieces provided by a finite set of endings furnished by hyperlinks.

But then a computer is a tool like any other, and it is best when bent to a purpose for which it is well-suited. On the plus: Information retrieval and storage and replication. On the minus: portability, disposability, durability and readability. So ballots and books do voting and storytelling better by far than contemporary computers (and more tastefully if one likes fowl).

Posted by: Liesl on November 30, 2003 04:14 PM

"I would hope that after reading War and Peace, someone would be so inspired as to allow their imagination to so wander to the different possiblities inherent in the book on their own and in their own mind."

You can do far worse than _War & Peace_ fanfiction. Many have, for that matter. Far too much.

---L.

Posted by: LNH on December 1, 2003 11:45 AM

I agree with Larry (as often happens.)

I've noticed that people tend to have some texts that they can tolerate seeing fan-fictionalized, and some that they can't. For example, I don't care who does what with Star Wars characters, but find the idea of sexualized Narnia fanfiction -- which I believe exists -- rather nauseating. And I intend that literally.

What would one call books that one doesn't want to see extended and reimagined -- sacred cowhides?

Posted by: Ann on December 1, 2003 07:55 PM

Yes, there is indeed Narnia slash. You don't want to know. Nor did I, for that matter.

---L.

Posted by: LNH on December 2, 2003 10:18 AM

Since I'm currently writing a book that takes place after the collapse of civilization, I find myself often looking at my computer screen and thinking about how all the information there is lost in the world of said book, but the tomes on the shelves around me will endure there until their pages crumble to dust (admittedly still sooner than one might hope).

But then, I've been looking at my telephone and refrigerator and many other ordinary, stable objects with the same skeptical eye lately, so my frame of reference may be a bit skewed at the moment. :-)

Posted by: Janni on December 2, 2003 11:28 PM

A couple random thoughts:
(1) Does anyone else remember the (annoying) young adult books where you were the main character and made choices that led to different outcomes? Hyperlinks in stories remind me of them.
(2) I find that I appreciate well-done ebooks as much as I appreciate well-done books but what I appreciate about them is somewhat different. Excellent layout, font choice, etc. remain. The sounds and smells aren't there (but having accidentally caught a book on fire that I was once reading, I can't say a burning book smells much better than a burning computer). Ebooks offer some conveniences that dead-tree books don't (linked indexes, easier ways of writing neat margin notes, etc.).
(3) My organization of information project calls, but something should also be said about content of a document v. the work v. the content's packaging...if I come up with what I'm trying to say, I'll be back.

Posted by: ack on December 3, 2003 10:11 AM

I remember the Choose Your Own Adventure books fondly. I think they're one of the reasons the web made so much sense to many of us.

I do remember being disappointed in the books, though. What I read for at the time was to be transported elsewhere; I imagined Choose Your Own Adventure books would one up this by transporting me _and_ letting me make decisions and influence events once I was elsewhere. But they weren't as good at the transporting part as other novels (perhaps because they were badly written :->), so I merely got the making-decisions part, in a sort of letdown isolation.

Which maybe is the challenge one still faces, if one wants to create a successful hyperlinked book now.

Research, of course, requires no such transporting, and hyperlinked research, when it works, is a delight.

Posted by: Janni on December 3, 2003 03:53 PM

[perks up ears] A new book? Tell us about it.

Posted by: Ann on December 4, 2003 12:12 PM

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